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Management. In either case, long-range planning ends up cosmos neglected. Neglect of long-range planning usually results in an overemphasis on shot-run control, and therefore less delegation of authority to lower levels of management. This some(prenominal) has adverse effects on employee motivation and satisfaction. 2.2.7 The Decision excogitate Process Decisions should be thought of as means preferably than ends. They ar the organizational mechanisms by which an sweat is made to pass on a desired state. They are, in effect, an organizational response to a fuss. every decisions the outcome of a dynamic process that is influenced by a multitude of forces. Although this process is diagrammed in ascertain 17-1, it is non a fixed procedure. It is a sequential process alternatively than a series of steps. This enables us to examine from each nonpareil element in the normal progression that leads to a decision. Figure 17-1 applies more to non-programmed decisions th an to programmed decisions. Problems that go by infrequently, with a great call of uncertainty and risk border the outcome required that the traverser utilize the perfect process. For problems that drop dead frequently the entire process is not necessary.

If a constitution is established to handle such(prenominal) problems, managers do not demand to develop and try alternatives each time a problem of this kind arises Establishing particularised Goals and objectives and Measuring Results Organizations need goals and objectives in each area where proceeding influences effectiveness. Adequately establi shed goals and objectives will consecrate w! hich results must be achieved and which measures indicate whether those results have been achieved. As sever of the goal and objective-setting process, hook management must communicate their allowance for experimentation and adversity on the part of subordinates. In the absence seizure of such communication, middle and lower level managers will attempt to zero-out risk, a situation that involves avoiding any potential failures 9and...If you want to learn a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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